Ukuchithwa komanyolo omningi sekube nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme kwemvelo, ngakho-ke indaba yokwelashwa komquba isiseduze. Lapho kubhekwa inani elikhulu kangaka lokungcoliswa kwendle kanye nokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kokufuywa kwezilwane, kuyadingeka ukuqhuba ukwelashwa okungenangozi kokungcoliswa kwendle emapulazini obisi. Okulandelayo izindlela ezimbalwa zokusiza amanye amabhizinisi ukuphatha ngempumelelo ukungcoliswa kwendle ukuze azuze izinzuzo ezinhle zezomnotho. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngithemba ukuhlinzeka ngesisekelo sethiyori sokwelashwa komquba wenkomo.
Njengamanje, ukukhiqizwa kwemfuyo kubangele ukungcoliswa kwemvelo okukhulu, ikakhulukazi imfucuza evela emapulazini amakhulu ezinkomo. Ngenxa yokuthi indle yenkomo ilingana nesamba esiphuma indle yabantu abangaba ngu-20, ukwelashwa okufanele nangempumelelo kwendle sekuyinkinga ephuthumayo okufanele ixazululwe.
Ukuchithwa komanyolo omningi sekube nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme kwemvelo, ngakho-ke indaba yokwelashwa komquba isiseduze. Lapho kubhekwa inani elikhulu kangaka lokungcoliswa kwendle kanye nokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kokufuywa kwezilwane, kuyadingeka ukuqhuba ukwelashwa okungenangozi kokungcoliswa kwendle emapulazini obisi. Okulandelayo izindlela ezimbalwa zokusiza amanye amabhizinisi ukuphatha ngempumelelo ukungcoliswa kwendle ukuze azuze izinzuzo ezinhle zezomnotho. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngithemba ukuhlinzeka ngesisekelo sethiyori sokwelashwa komquba wenkomo.
1. Ukwelashwa okungenangozi nokusetshenziswa kwendle.
Uma uguqulwa kahle, umquba wenkomo ungaguqulwa ube umanyolo wezolimo obalulekile noma ukudla kwezilwane. Izindlela eziyinhloko zokubuyisela umanyolo zihlanganisa:
① Ukuvundisa nokusetshenziswa. Ukuguqula umquba ube umanyolo wemvelo noma ukwengeza izinto ezithile ukuze uwenze umsizi wokulungisa umhlabathi nakho kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu njengamanje.
② Izinga lokusetshenziswa kokuphakelayo. Ikakhulukazi isho ukucutshungulwa kwezinsalela zokugaywa kobulongwe benkomo ukuze kudliwe. Kodwa-ke, abanye ochwepheshe abakhuthazi ukusebenzisa le ndlela ngenxa yengozi enkulu yezifo kanye nezinto ezingavuthiwe ezitholakala kumfucumfucu wepulazi lezinkomo.
③ Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ingasetshenziswa kuma-biogas kanye nezinhlelo zobunjiniyela bokukhiqiza amandla.
2. Izindlela ezikhethekile zokwelapha ubulongwe benkomo
Ukubuthwa, ukugcinwa, kanye nokuguqula ubulongwe bezinkomo epulazini lezinkomo kuyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu. Ukwehluleka ukuguqula ubulongwe bezinkomo ngesikhathi kungaholela ekungcoleni kwemvelo, ukucekelwa phansi kwenhlabathi, nezinye izinkinga. Ngakho-ke, izindlela ezisebenzayo kufanele zithathwe ukwelapha indle.
①Ukuhlukaniswa okumanzi nokomile. Ukuhlukaniswa okomile nokumanzi komquba wenkomo kwenziwa, futhi kuhlukaniswe ukuchithwa okuwuketshezi kanye nokukhipha okuqinile.
②Yakha ama-biogas digesters. Yakha ithange le-biogas elihambisana nenani lezinkomo kanye noketshezi oluphuma epulazini lezinkomo. Ukungcola okuwuketshezi okufana nomchamo wenkomo namanzi agelezayo kungena ku-biogas digester ukukhiqiza i-biogas ukuze isetshenziswe nsuku zonke, futhi i-biogas slurry isetshenziselwa ukuchelela ngokuchelela nokufaka umanyolo ekutshaleni nasekufuyeni.
③Lima iminyundu. Ukungcola okuqinile okufana nobulongwe benkomo kusetshenziselwa ukutshala iminyundu. Ngaphambi kokuphakelwa, inqwaba yobulongwe benkomo ihlanganiswa ibe yisimo se-ridge ukuze isebenze njengombhede wokuphakela, bese kubekwa imbewu yezikelemu. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-7 kuye kweziyi-10, izikelemu ziyaqoqwa kusetshenziswa izakhiwo zazo ze-photophobic bese zicutshungulwa.
3. Indlela yokwelapha indle evela emakhaya atholakala mahhala
Imindeni ngayinye ingakha ngokuhlanganyela isitshalo sokuhlanza umquba futhi isebenzisane nabalimi bezitshalo bendawo ukwelapha ubulongwe endaweni eyodwa. Lokhu akusizi nje kuphela ukulahlwa komanyolo emapulazini ezinkomo, kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa isivuno sezitshalo ngokukhiqizwa kukamanyolo. I-biogas ekhiqizwayo ingasetshenziswa empilweni yabantu yansuku zonke. Imizi ngayinye ingaphinda isebenzise umquba njengomanyolo ezitshalweni zezolimo.
Ukuhlaziywa kwezinzuzo zomphakathi nezemvelo. Ngokuhlukana okomile nokumanzi komquba wezinkomo, uketshezi oluphumayo lungena ku-biogas digester ukuze kubiliswe i-anaerobic, futhi i-biogas igaywa kabusha ukuze amapulazi ezinkomo abilise amanzi futhi apheke. Ukukhanyisa, njll., kuyilapho i-biogas slurry kanye nezinsalela ze-biogas zingama-fertilizer asemapulazini asezingeni eliphezulu asetshenziselwa ukutshala amadlelo nokuvundisa, hhayi nje ukulondoloza umanyolo, kodwa futhi nokufeza "ukukhishwa kwe-zero" kokungcola. Ukwakhiwa kwama-biogas digesters akuhlinzeki nje ngokuphathwa okungenangozi kwamanzi angcolile, kodwa futhi kunikeza amandla ahlanzekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele sikhulise imali engenayo, sivikele imvelo, sithuthukise izimo zokuphila kwezolimo, sikhuthaze izinzuzo eziphumelelayo kwezolimo nokufuywa kwezilwane, sandise imali yabalimi, futhi sikhuthaze intuthuko esimeme yomnotho wasemaphandleni.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abalimi baye bakhulisa kakhulu isivinini sokuthuthukiswa komnotho wendawo ngokulima izikelemu kanye nokutshala utshani, futhi baye baqhuba abalimi bendawo ukuba bacebe ngokusebenza emapulazini. Abalimi bendawo abagcinanga nje ngokuthuthukisa izimo zabo zokuphila kodwa baphinde bahlanza indawo ezungezile yokuhlala ngokusebenza kanzima njengokusebenzela emapulazini ezinkomo, ukutshala utshani befolishi, nokufuya izikelemu. Lokhu kungenza abalimi abaseduze bangabe besadinga ukubekezelela iphunga lobulongwe benkomo, futhi babe nemali enhle yezomnotho ukuze bathuthukise izinga labo lokuphila.
Ngokuphathwa okungenangozi kwemfucuza yendle, amapulazi ezinkomo angathuthukiswa futhi asetshenziswe. Umquba owuketshezi ungasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza i-biogas njengophethiloli ophilayo kubantu, futhi izinsalela ze-biogas zingasetshenziselwa ukutshala izitshalo nokufaka umanyolo. Ukukhishwa okuqinile okuvela endle kungasetshenziselwa ukulima.
Isiphetho: Ngenkathi kuchithwa ubulongwe bezinkomo, ukuguqula udoti ube yizinsiza ezisebenzisekayo akuxazululi kuphela ngempumelelo inkinga yokungcola kwamapulazi ezinkomo, kodwa futhi kudala izinto eziningi zokusetshenziswa ezisezingeni eliphezulu zeminye imikhakha, okuletha izinzuzo kwezomnotho. Ayixazululi kuphela inkinga kamanyolo wezitshalo, kodwa futhi ivikela ngempumelelo indawo lapho abantu behlala khona, ibona umjikelezo wemvelo, yandisa imali yabalimi, futhi ifinyelela intuthuko esimeme yomnotho wasemaphandleni.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-27-2023